A Collaborative Model for Social Forestry Management Based on Customary Institutions and Local Wisdom in West Sumatra
Abstract
This study analyzes a collaborative model for Social Forestry management based on customary institutions and local wisdom in West Sumatra. The study responds to the problem that formal Social Forestry permits do not automatically produce effective and sustainable forest governance, especially in customary-based nagari communities. Using a qualitative multi-case study design, this research examines four nagari: Paru in Sijunjung Regency, Pasia Laweh in Agam Regency, Sirukam in Solok Regency, and Halaban in Lima Puluh Kota Regency. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and documentation studies, then analyzed thematically using the collaborative governance framework of Ansell and Gash. The findings show that collaboration is shaped by starting conditions, facilitative leadership, institutional design, and collaborative process. Pasia Laweh and Sirukam represent an autonomous-adaptive collaboration model supported by strong customary legitimacy, social capital, local leadership, and adaptive institutional arrangements. Halaban represents an external facilitative collaboration model, where NGO support strengthens local capacity and forest restoration activities. Paru shows collaborative failure due to elite domination, weak accountability, illegal gold mining pressure, low trust, and limited facilitative leadership. The study concludes that effective Social Forestry governance requires a hybrid collaborative model that combines state legality, customary legitimacy, facilitative leadership, and continuous multi-actor learning. Local wisdom functions not only as a cultural value, but also as a governance mechanism for building trust, consensus, and collective responsibility in forest management.
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References
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Poudel, T. R., Aryal, P. C., Khan, M. T., Roberts, N. J., Poudel, M., & Shrestha, D. P. (2025). Forest Structure, Diversity, and Regeneration in a Community-Managed Forest of Nepal: A Model for Carbon Sequestration and Sustainable Management. Plant-Environment Interactions, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.70044
Rahayu, S., Laraswati, D., Permadi, D. B., Sahide, M. A. K., & Maryudi, A. (2023). Only a Noise? The Role of Non-governmental Organizations in the Policy Processes of a New Social Forestry Model in Indonesia. Small-Scale Forestry, 22(2), 253–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-022-09525-9
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Santika, T., Wilson, K. A., Budiharta, S., Kusworo, A., Meijaard, E., Law, E. A., Friedman, R., Hutabarat, J. A., Indrawan, T. P., St. John, F. A. V, & Struebig, M. J. (2019). Heterogeneous impacts of community forestry on forest conservation and poverty alleviation: Evidence from Indonesia. People and Nature, 1(2), 204–219. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.25
Sinha, H., & Suar, D. (2005). Leadership and people’s participation in community forestry. International Journal of Rural Management, 1(1), 125–143. https://doi.org/10.1177/097306800400100107
Statistik Perhutanan Sosial. (2025). Balai Perhutanan Sosial Palembang. https://balaipspalembang.hutsos.kehutanan.go.id/page/data-dan-statistik
Suhardjito, D., & Wulandari, C. (2019). A reflection of social forestry in 2019: Towards inclusive and collaborative government approaches. Forest and Society, 3(1), 137–140. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v3i1.6099
Syafiq, A. K., Azima, A. M., Abd Hair, A., Sarmila, M. S., & Jali, M. F. M. (2015). Customary land ownership rights need: Land change model application. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4S3), 94–101. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s3p94
Yasmi, Y., Schanz, H., & Salim, A. (2010). Manifestation of conflict escalation in natural resource management. Environmental Science & Policy, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2010.04.003
Asmin, F., Darusman, D., Ichwandi, I., & Suharjito, D. (2019). Mainstreaming community-based forest management in west sumatra: Social forestry arguments, support, and implementation. Forest and Society, 3(1), 77–96. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v3i1.4047
Budi, B., Kartodihardjo, H., Nugroho, B., & Mardiana, R. (2021). Implementation of social forestry policy: Analysis of community access. Forest and Society, 5(1), 60–74. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v5i1.9859
Coleman, K., & Stern, M. J. (2018). Exploring the Functions of Different Forms of Trust in Collaborative Natural Resource Management. Society and Natural Resources, 31(1), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2017.1364452
Dharmawan, A. ., Sahide, M. A. ., & S, S. (2021). Governing social forestry in Indonesia: Pathways towards collaborative management.
Duncker, P. S., Barreiro, S. M., Hengeveld, G. M., Lind, T., Mason, W. L., Ambrozy, S., & Spiecker, H. (2012). Classification of forest management approaches: A new conceptual framework and its applicability to European forestry. Ecology and Society, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05262-170451
Fathony, I., & Kamil, S. (2022). Dinamika pengelolaan perhutanan sosial dan tantangan keberlanjutan di Indonesia. Universitas Gadjah Mada Press.
Fisher, M. R., Dhiaulhaq, A., & Sahide, M. A. K. (2019). The politics, economies, and ecologies of indonesia’s third generation of social forestry: An introduction to the special section. Forest and Society, 3(1), 152–170. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v3i1.6348
Ghanbari, S., Vaezin, S. M. H., Shamekhi, T., & Eastin, I. L. (2014). Market expansion’s influence on the harvesting of non-wood forest products in the Arasbaran forests of Iran. Forestry Chronicle, 90(5), 599–604. https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc2014-123
Hidayat, H., Acciaioli, G., Jafar, T. B. M., Rachmawan, D., Sianipar, C. P. M., Sundary, L. V, Siburian, R., Ekawati, S., & Utomo, M. B. (2024). Evaluating a forestry partnership between a private company and local people in East Kalimantan, Indonesia: a political ecology approach. International Forestry Review, 26(2), 212–223. https://doi.org/10.1505/146554824838819923
Kadaryanto, B., & Kurniawan, A. (2025). RECONSTRUCTION OF INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY INCLUSION IN VILLAGE AUTONOMY POLICY: Towards a Substantive Autonomy Model in Indonesia. Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan, 25(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v25i1.1845
Kumar, S., Kant, S., & Amburgey, T. L. (2007). Public agencies and collaborative management approaches: Examining resistance among administrative professionals. Administration and Society, 39(5), 569–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399707303635
Lawasi, M. A., Rachmawan, D., Iban, A., Adhi, E. J. M. S., Hidayat, H., Siburian, R., & Ratri, A. M. (2024). Reviewing Social Forestry in Indonesia through an Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance. International Forestry Review, 26(3), 291–305. https://doi.org/10.1505/146554824839071625
Mansur, T. M., & Hann, T. R. (2026). The existence of customary forests within the context of the mukim customary law in Aceh, Indonesia: contemporary perspectives and future challenges on climate change. SN Social Sciences, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-026-01371-2
Massiri, S. D., Malik, A., Akhbar, A., Golar, G., Naharuddin, N., Pribadi, H., Rahman, A., & Maiwa, A. (2024). THE ROLE OF STAKEHOLDERS AND EXOGENOUS VARIABLES AFFECTING THE OUTCOME OF SOCIAL FORESTRY POLICIES IN CENTRAL SULAWESI, INDONESIA. Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research, 11(2), 211–227. https://doi.org/10.59465/ijfr.2024.11.2.211-227
Mwangi, E., & Wardell, A. (2012). Multi-level governance of forest resources. International Journal of the Commons, 6(2), 79–103. https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.374
Nuar, E., & Lunkapis, G. J. (2019). Customary Land and the Indigenous People of Sabah: A Case Study of Sinumagang-Tinuman Toki. In L. F.C., S. Z., D. M.F., N. N., I. I.N.K.M., N. null, Y. A., J. null, & I. A. (Eds.), IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 286, Issue 1). Institute of Physics Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/286/1/012039
PemprovSumbar. (2018). Rencana pembangunan kehutanan daerah Provinsi Sumatera Barat 2018–2037.
Poudel, T. R., Aryal, P. C., Khan, M. T., Roberts, N. J., Poudel, M., & Shrestha, D. P. (2025). Forest Structure, Diversity, and Regeneration in a Community-Managed Forest of Nepal: A Model for Carbon Sequestration and Sustainable Management. Plant-Environment Interactions, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.70044
Rahayu, S., Laraswati, D., Permadi, D. B., Sahide, M. A. K., & Maryudi, A. (2023). Only a Noise? The Role of Non-governmental Organizations in the Policy Processes of a New Social Forestry Model in Indonesia. Small-Scale Forestry, 22(2), 253–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-022-09525-9
Ramadhan, R., Afiq, M. D., Anggara, A., & Triwanto, J. (2025). COMMUNITY WELFARE AND FOREST SUSTAINABILITY IN SOCIAL FORESTRY PROGRAMS: A CASE STUDY OF KTH BHAKTI ALAM LESTARI IN MALANG, EAST JAVA. Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research, 12(1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.59465/ijfr.2025.12.1.13-26
Ros-Tonen, M. A. F., & Derkyi, M. (2018). Conflict or cooperation? Social capital as a power resource and conflict mitigation strategy in timber operations in Ghana’s off-reserve forest areas. Ecology and Society, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10408-230344
Safitri, M. (2022). SOCIAL FORESTRY AND LAND TENURE CONFLICTS IN INDONESIA. In Routledge Handbook of Community Forestry (pp. 88–102). Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367488710-8
Sambodo, M. T., Hidayat, S., Nadjib, M., Suryanto, J., Nurjati, E., Purwanto, P., Rahmayanti, A. Z., & Handoyo, F. W. (2025). Public, Private and Community Inclusive Partnerships (PPCIP): towards a better institutional setting for an Indonesian social forestry program. International Forestry Review, 27(2), 232–247. https://doi.org/10.1505/146554825840044767
Santika, T., Wilson, K. A., Budiharta, S., Kusworo, A., Meijaard, E., Law, E. A., Friedman, R., Hutabarat, J. A., Indrawan, T. P., St. John, F. A. V, & Struebig, M. J. (2019). Heterogeneous impacts of community forestry on forest conservation and poverty alleviation: Evidence from Indonesia. People and Nature, 1(2), 204–219. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.25
Sinha, H., & Suar, D. (2005). Leadership and people’s participation in community forestry. International Journal of Rural Management, 1(1), 125–143. https://doi.org/10.1177/097306800400100107
Statistik Perhutanan Sosial. (2025). Balai Perhutanan Sosial Palembang. https://balaipspalembang.hutsos.kehutanan.go.id/page/data-dan-statistik
Suhardjito, D., & Wulandari, C. (2019). A reflection of social forestry in 2019: Towards inclusive and collaborative government approaches. Forest and Society, 3(1), 137–140. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v3i1.6099
Syafiq, A. K., Azima, A. M., Abd Hair, A., Sarmila, M. S., & Jali, M. F. M. (2015). Customary land ownership rights need: Land change model application. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4S3), 94–101. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s3p94
Yasmi, Y., Schanz, H., & Salim, A. (2010). Manifestation of conflict escalation in natural resource management. Environmental Science & Policy, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2010.04.003
Published
2026-09-01
How to Cite
SURYANINGSIH, Suryaningsih; PUTRI, Rianda Prima.
A Collaborative Model for Social Forestry Management Based on Customary Institutions and Local Wisdom in West Sumatra.
JESS (Journal of Education on Social Science), [S.l.], v. 10, n. 3, p. 344 - 357, sep. 2026.
ISSN 2550-0147.
Available at: <http://jess.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/JESS/article/view/691>. Date accessed: 13 sep. 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24036/jess.v10i3.691.
Section
Artikel
