Authorship Criteria

JESS | PUBLICATION ETHICS AND AUTHOR RESPONSIBILITIES

Authorship Criteria

JESS (Journal of Education on Social Science) recognizes authorship as an important form of scholarly credit and academic responsibility. Authorship must accurately reflect substantial intellectual contributions to research and manuscript preparation. All individuals identified as authors are expected to accept responsibility for the integrity, originality, and reliability of the scholarly work submitted for publication.

1. General Principles of Authorship

Authorship in JESS is based on genuine intellectual contributions, transparent acknowledgment of individual responsibilities, and collective accountability for the published research.

The journal adopts the four authorship criteria recommended by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) as its framework for determining appropriate authorship. These criteria provide a transparent basis for recognizing individuals who have made meaningful contributions to research development, manuscript preparation, and scientific accountability.

All individuals who meet the authorship criteria should be included as authors, while individuals who do not satisfy the criteria should be appropriately acknowledged according to the nature of their contributions.

2. Four Essential Authorship Criteria

To qualify for authorship, an individual must fulfill all four of the following criteria:

Criterion 1: Substantial Intellectual Contribution

The individual must make a substantial contribution to the conception or design of the research, or to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of research data.

Criterion 2: Manuscript Drafting or Critical Revision

The individual must participate in drafting the manuscript or critically reviewing and revising it for significant intellectual content.

Criterion 3: Final Manuscript Approval

The individual must review and approve the final version of the manuscript intended for publication.

Criterion 4: Accountability for Research Integrity

The individual must agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work, including ensuring that questions concerning the accuracy or integrity of any part of the research are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Important Principle

All four criteria must be fulfilled. Meeting only one or two criteria does not automatically qualify an individual for authorship. However, individuals who make substantial intellectual contributions should be given a reasonable opportunity to participate in manuscript drafting, critical revision, and final approval.

3. Author Contributions and CRediT Taxonomy

To strengthen transparency in scholarly contributions, JESS uses the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) as a framework for describing the specific responsibilities of individuals involved in preparing a research manuscript.

CRediT identifies 14 contribution roles. One author may perform several roles, and the same role may be shared by several contributors.

No.	Contribution Role	Description
1	Conceptualization	Formulation of research ideas, objectives, and overarching research goals.
2	Methodology	Development or design of research methods and methodological approaches.
3	Software	Development or implementation of software, programming, or computational tools.
4	Validation	Verification of research results, analytical procedures, or methodological reproducibility.
5	Formal Analysis	Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyze data.
6	Investigation	Conducting research activities, data collection, or field investigations.
7	Resources	Provision of research materials, tools, instruments, datasets, or other resources.
8	Data Curation	Management, documentation, organization, and maintenance of research data.
9	Writing - Original Draft	Preparation of the initial manuscript, including substantial drafting of its content.
10	Writing - Review & Editing	Critical review, revision, and intellectual improvement of manuscript content.
11	Visualization	Preparation and presentation of research figures, graphics, tables, or visual outputs.
12	Supervision	Scholarly oversight, guidance, and leadership of the research activities.
13	Project Administration	Management and coordination of research planning and implementation.
14	Funding Acquisition	Securing financial support for research activities.

A CRediT contribution role does not independently establish authorship eligibility. Individuals identified as authors must still satisfy the four authorship criteria specified above. Contribution statements should accurately represent the work performed and should be confirmed by the individuals concerned.

4. Contributions That Do Not Independently Qualify for Authorship

Certain activities are important to the research process but do not independently justify authorship unless the individual also fulfills all four essential authorship criteria.

Providing research funding or financial support;
Holding a senior academic, administrative, or institutional position;
Providing general supervision without a qualifying intellectual contribution;
Performing routine administrative or clerical work;
Conducting technical assistance or routine data entry;
Providing language editing, proofreading, or manuscript formatting;
Facilitating access to research locations or participants without further qualifying contributions;
Providing general comments that do not constitute substantial intellectual involvement.

Individuals whose contributions do not meet the requirements for authorship may be recognized in the Acknowledgments section, with their permission and an accurate description of their contributions.

5. Authorship Order and Equal Contributions

The order of authors must be determined through mutual agreement among all authors and should reflect their actual scholarly contributions. Authorship order should be discussed and agreed upon before manuscript submission whenever possible.

Academic seniority, institutional authority, professional position, personal relationships, or financial support must not be used as substitutes for legitimate authorship contributions.

Where two or more authors have made equivalent contributions, the authors may provide an equal-contribution statement. Such declarations must reflect the actual contributions made and be agreed upon by all authors.

The journal does not ordinarily determine the order of authors on behalf of the research team. Authorship order disputes should be resolved by the authors and, where necessary, their affiliated institutions.

6. Responsibilities of the Corresponding Author

The corresponding author serves as the primary contact between the author group and the editorial office throughout manuscript submission, peer review, publication, and post-publication communication.

The corresponding author is responsible for:

Ensuring that all listed authors meet the authorship criteria;
Confirming that all authors have approved the submitted manuscript;
Obtaining agreement on authorship order and contributor roles;
Providing accurate author names, affiliations, and contact information;
Submitting required ethical declarations and conflict-of-interest disclosures;
Communicating editorial decisions and reviewer comments to all co-authors;
Coordinating manuscript revisions and final approval;
Responding to editorial inquiries and post-publication concerns;
Cooperating with legitimate requests concerning research data, methodology, and research integrity.

The corresponding author must not submit a manuscript or approve material changes on behalf of co-authors without their knowledge and authorization.

7. Unacceptable Authorship Practices

JESS does not accept practices that misrepresent intellectual contributions or undermine accountability in scholarly publishing.

7.1. Gift Authorship

Listing an individual as an author as a favor or personal benefit despite the absence of a qualifying scholarly contribution.

7.2. Guest Authorship

Including a prominent individual primarily to enhance the manuscript's perceived credibility or prospects for publication without sufficient contribution.

7.3. Ghost Authorship

Omitting an individual who qualifies for authorship or concealing substantive writing assistance and other relevant contributions.

7.4. Coercive Authorship

Using institutional authority, supervisory relationships, or professional pressure to obtain authorship without satisfying the established criteria.

7.5. Unauthorized Authorship

Including an individual as an author without their knowledge, consent, or approval of the manuscript.

Suspected inappropriate authorship practices may result in requests for clarification, suspension of manuscript processing, referral to relevant institutions, or appropriate editorial action in accordance with publication ethics procedures.

8. Changes in Authorship

Requests to add, remove, or rearrange authors after manuscript submission must be submitted to the editorial office with a clear explanation and appropriate supporting documentation.

A request for an authorship change should include:

The manuscript title and submission identification number;
A written explanation of the reason for the proposed change;
An updated description of individual author contributions;
Written confirmation of agreement from all existing authors;
Written consent from any individual being added or removed;
Any relevant institutional clarification where required.

The editorial team will assess authorship change requests in accordance with the journal's policies and relevant COPE guidance. Processing of a manuscript may be suspended when an authorship dispute remains unresolved.

Changes requested after publication require particularly careful assessment. If an authorship correction is justified, the journal should publish an appropriate correction notice and update the relevant publication metadata while preserving the transparency of the scholarly record.

9. Authorship Disputes and Institutional Responsibility

Authorship disagreements should initially be addressed through transparent discussion among the individuals involved in the research. All parties should seek a fair resolution based on actual contributions and documented responsibilities.

If an agreement cannot be reached, the matter may be referred to the appropriate research institution or institutions for investigation or adjudication.

The editorial team may request information, suspend processing, and implement decisions supported by appropriate evidence. However, the journal does not ordinarily act as the final adjudicator of disputed intellectual contributions.

10. Artificial Intelligence and Authorship

Artificial intelligence systems, including generative AI tools and large language models, cannot be listed as authors or co-authors because they cannot accept responsibility for research integrity, approve manuscripts, or meet the established criteria for scholarly authorship.

Authors who use AI-assisted technologies in preparing their manuscripts must disclose the nature and purpose of such use in an appropriate section of the manuscript and, where requested, in the submission documentation.

Authors remain responsible for:

Verifying the accuracy of AI-assisted content;
Checking the authenticity of references and citations;
Ensuring the originality of manuscript text, figures, and other materials;
Protecting confidential and personal research information;
Disclosing relevant AI assistance transparently;
Taking responsibility for the final submitted manuscript.

AI-assisted technology must not be used to fabricate research data, generate misleading findings, invent references, or conceal inappropriate authorship practices.

11. Authorship Declaration and Submission Requirements

Before manuscript submission, the corresponding author should obtain confirmation from all co-authors that the authorship list, author order, manuscript content, and contribution statements are accurate.

Each author is expected to confirm that:

They satisfy the applicable authorship criteria;
Their contributions have been accurately represented;
They have reviewed and approved the manuscript;
They agree to be accountable for the integrity of the work;
Relevant conflicts of interest have been disclosed;
No qualifying contributor has been intentionally omitted;
The manuscript's research and publication declarations are accurate.

Recommended Authorship Declaration

We confirm that all individuals listed as authors meet the journal's authorship criteria, have made qualifying intellectual contributions, have reviewed and approved the manuscript, and agree to be accountable for the integrity of the submitted work. We further confirm that no eligible contributor has been improperly excluded and that all authorship and contribution information is accurate.

12. Author Identification and Institutional Affiliations

Authors should provide accurate names, institutional affiliations, and contact information during manuscript submission. Affiliations should reflect the institutions with which authors were associated when the relevant research was conducted, with appropriate clarification where institutional circumstances have changed.

Authors are encouraged to provide an ORCID iD to improve author identification, metadata accuracy, and the discoverability of their scholarly contributions.

Any corrections to author names, affiliations, or identification information should be communicated to the editorial office as promptly as possible.

13. Commitment to Responsible Authorship

JESS is committed to encouraging responsible authorship, transparent recognition of scholarly contributions, and accountability in scientific publication.

Authors, editors, and reviewers share responsibility for promoting integrity in scholarly communication. Accurate attribution of contributions protects the credibility of published research and supports fair academic recognition.

14. Supporting Standards and Guidelines

International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).
Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals.
https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/

Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
Guidance on Authorship and Contributorship.
https://publicationethics.org/

CRediT - Contributor Roles Taxonomy.
Standardized Framework for Identifying Scholarly Contributions.
https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/

JESS (Journal of Education on Social Science)

Faculty of Social Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Print ISSN: 2622-0741 | Electronic ISSN: 2550-0147