Representation of Women in Structural Bureaucratic Positions
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explain the level of representation of women in bureaucratic, structural positions and the inhibiting factors they face in occupying bureaucratic, structural positions in East Flores Regency. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with interviews of 13 informants determined through purposive. The results of this study explain that in the last three years, the number of female civil servants in echelons II and III is less than that of men. In 2021, there were three female civil servants left because, in 2020, one of the female civil servants died. Furthermore, in 2022, one of the female civil servants finished her term. The inhibiting factors faced by women in bureaucratic, structural positions are viewed in two forms: 1) internal constraints such as lack of self-confidence and the multiple roles played by women, 2) external constraints related to a) constraints from the family, and b) constraints from society related to the value system and norms. The research is expected as input for East Flores Regency
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References
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Ali, D. M., Prasojo, E., & Jannah, L. M. (2017). The Transformation of Merit System in Indonesian Civil Servant Promotion System. International Journal of Management and Administrative Sciences (IJMAS), 5(04).
Althaus, C., & O’Faircheallaigh, C. (2022). Bureaucratic Representation, Accountability, and Democracy: A Qualitative Study of Indigenous Bureaucrats in Australia and Canada. Public Administration Review, 82(4), 646–659. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13492
Boyraz, M. (2019). Faultlines as the “Earth’s Crust”: The Role of Team Identification, Communication Climate, and Subjective Perceptions of Subgroups for Global Team Satisfaction and Innovation. Management Communication Quarterly, 33(4), 581–615. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318919860799
BPS. (2021). Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Flores Timur Tahun 2021.
Choi, S., & Park, C.-O. (2014). Glass Ceiling in Korean Civil Service. Public Personnel Management, 43(1), 118–139. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026013516933
Dragišević, I. V. A., & Mihić, M. (2020). Women leadership in public sector – evidence from serbia. Lex Localis, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.4335/18.2.253-270(2020)
Evans, K. J., & Maley, J. F. (2021). Barriers to women in senior leadership: how unconscious bias is holding back Australia’s economy. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 59(2), 204–226. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12262
Galizzi, G., McBride, K., & Siboni, B. (2023). Patriarchy persists: Experiences of barriers to women’s career progression in Italian accounting academia. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 102625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2023.102625
Gallant, A. (2014). Symbolic Interactions and the Development of Women Leaders in Higher Education. Gender, Work and Organization, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12030
Hill, C., Miller, K., Benson, K., & Handley, G. (2016). Barriers and Bias: The Status of Women in Leadership. AAUW.
Johannes, F. B., Liliweri, A., Gana, F., & Nursalam, N. (2022). Critical Factors for Women’s Representation in Top Management Leadership Positions in Local Government. Jurnal Kebijakan & Administrasi Publik (JKAP), 26(22). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22146/jkap.78090
Krissetyanti, E. P. L. (2018). Women’s Perceptions about Glass Ceiling in their Career Development in Local Bureaucracy in Indonesia. Bisnis & Birokrasi Journal, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.20476/jbb.v25i1.9643
Krissetyanti, E. P. L., Prasojo, E., & Kasim, A. (2017). Meritocracy And Gender Equity: Opportunity For Women Civil Service To Occupy The High Leader Position In Local Bureaucracy In Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2991/icaspgs-icbap-17.2017.23
Lapian, M. T., Mumu, R., & Zakarias, J. D. (2022). The Influence of Patriarchal Culture, Motivation and Image on Women’s Political Participation in the Regional Representatives Council of North Sulawesi Province. International Journal Papier Public Review, 3(4), 15–26. https://doi.org/10.47667/ijppr.v3i4.177
McLaren, H., Star, C., & Widianingsih, I. (2019). Indonesian women in public service leadership: A rapid review. In Social Sciences (Vol. 8, Issue 11). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci8110308
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. Third Edition. In The SAGE Handbook of Applied Social Research Methods.
Munandar, S. C. U. (2001). Wanita Karir: Tantangan dan Peluang di dalam Mudzher,dkk. 2001. Wanita Dalam Masyarakat Indonesia: Akses Pembangunan dan Kesempatan. Sunan Kalijaga Press.
Nugroho, W. B. (2020). Sekilas Representasi Menurut Stuart Hall. Sangla Institute For Individual Emancipation.
Partini. (2013). Bias Gender Dalam Birokrasi. Tiara Kencana.
Powell, G. N., & Butterfield, D. A. (2015). The glass ceiling: what have we learned 20 years on? In Journal of Organizational Effectiveness (Vol. 2, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-09-2015-0032
Saraswati, D. (2016). Studi Tentang Representasi Gender Dalam Jabatan Struktual Pada Pemerintah Kota Balikpapan. Journal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 4(1), 177–188.
Sayrani, P. L. (2018). Representasi Birokrasi Dalam Struktur Dualitas: Melampau Epistemology Positivisme Dalam Pengertian Birokrasi. Atlantis Press, 191.
Selden, S. C., Brudney, J. L., & Kellough, J. E. (2003). Bureaucracy as a Representative Institution: Toward a Reconciliation of Bureaucratic Government and Democratic Theory. Routledge.
Sipatuhar, N. Y. ., & Widaningrum, A. (2017). Representasi Perempuan dalam Birokrasi di Pemerintah Kota Yogyakarta. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Srivastava, S., Madan, P., & Dhawan, V. K. (2020). Glass ceiling – An illusion or realism? Role of organizational identification and trust on the career satisfaction in Indian organizations. Journal of General Management, 45(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/0306307020938976
Turner, M., Prasojo, E., & Sumarwono, R. (2022). The challenge of reforming big bureaucracy in Indonesia. Policy Studies, 43(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2019.1708301
Published
2023-12-29
How to Cite
ANDAYANA, Made Ngurah Demi et al.
Representation of Women in Structural Bureaucratic Positions.
JESS (Journal of Education on Social Science), [S.l.], v. 7, n. 3, p. 257 - 271, dec. 2023.
ISSN 2550-0147.
Available at: <http://jess.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/JESS/article/view/523>. Date accessed: 20 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24036/jess.v7i3.523.
Section
Artikel
